hong kong right of abode vs right to land

hong kong right of abode vs right to land

Consisting of slow-cooked fava beans, served with olive oil, parsley, garlic and lemon juice - add some spice by seasoning with chili paste and eat with bread. Even Sicilian, for example, is more a language in its own right than Ukrainian. Trespass was considered a remedy for all tortious wrongs, and sometimes used as a synonym for torts generally. 1949 . The Supreme Court of Minnesota also adopted it in Cahill v. Eastman,[91] while the highest courts of New York, New Hampshire and New Jersey all rejected the principle, in Losee v. Buchanan,[92] Brown v. Collins,[93] and Marshall v. Welwood respectively. ATMs are commonly found in larger cities, like Cairo and Alexandria, near shopping centers, tourist areas and 5-star hotels, but are far less common in small towns and rural areas. Under the Add New Content button in the top right corner of your Dashboard select Project Application/Approval Request ? Families and communities support each other and there is a prevailing sense that everyone is in it together. . The Intrepid Foundation supports more than 50 local, grassroots projects from Not far from the bustling center of Luxor, locals from nearby villages line up Welcome' wasn't just a word; it was a feeling. AFS was a file system and sharing platform that allowed users to access and distribute stored content. Aside from new entry The Chairman an excellent Cantonese establishment in Hong Kong Chinese food still makes up a meager one entry on this year's list.Chinese Seafood Main Dishes. This doctrine was further developed by English courts, and made an immediate impact on the law. Make sure you have enough cash before leaving urban areas. [124] 1995 ,[125][126] . , , . Before Transco plc v Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council this did not have to be a dangerous item (see below); the risk was instead in its behaviour if it escapes. After fasting for an entire month, Muslims celebrate the end of Ramadan with Eid al-Fitr, or Feast of Breaking the Fast. , . The new rule makes no distinction between the persons within the premises where the enterprise is operating and persons outside the premises because escape of the thing causing harm from the premises is not a necessary condition for the applicability of the rule. Deciding how to tackle the mighty Nile can throw up all manner of questions. . A truly authentic travel experience like no other. 2,755 km2 (1,064 sq mi), , , , 200 . v. Quebec Railway, Light, Heat and Power Co. Ernst v. EnCana Corporation, 2013 ABQB 537, Rainham Chemical Works Ltd v Belvedere Fish Guano Co Ltd, Miles v Forest Rock Granite Co (Leicestershire) Ltd, Northwestern Utilities Ltd v London Guarantee and Accident Co Ltd, Law Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act 1945, RHM Bakeries v Strathclyde Regional Council, Department of Environmental Protection v. Ventron Corp, "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)", Johansen, "Property rights and the constitution", "Smith v. Inco Limited, 2011 ONCA 628 (CanLII)", "No Harm, No Nuisance - The Ontario Court of Appeal Lays Out What Will, and Will Not, Fly in Proving Nuisance: Smith v. Inco Limited", "Judgment overturned in major Ontario environmental class action", "Decisions - Applications for Leave: Ellen Smith v. Inco Limited" SCC 2012-04-26, "Supreme Court of Canada denies leave to appeal in Smith v. Inco", "War Brewing' over Mining Rights in Rural BC" Salcito, 14 Jun 2006, TheTyee.ca, Bepple v. Western Industrial Clay Products Ltd., 2004 BCCA 497 (CanLII), Western Industrial Clay Products Ltd. v. Mediation and Arbitration Board v. Bepple, 2004 BCSC 259 (CanLII), Falkoski v. Osoyoos (Town of), 1998 CanLII 2817 (BC SC), "A Rancher's Radioactive Hell" The Tyee, 4 Jan 2007, "Company Grabs Mining Rights to Premiers Land" 19 Apr 2005, TheTyee.ca, "2013 ABQB 537 (CanLII) | Ernst v. EnCana Corporation | CanLII", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rylands_v_Fletcher&oldid=1122859601, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, If an enterprise is permitted to carry on any hazardous or inherently dangerous activity for its profit, the law must presume that such permission is conditional on the enterprise absorbing the cost of any accident (including indemnification of all those who suffer harm in the accident) arising on account of such hazardous or inherently dangerous activity as an appropriate item of its overheads; and. Fletcher appealed to the Exchequer Chamber of six judges. [195] . No trip to Egypt is complete without visiting the Nile River - the life force of Egypt that has flowed for centuries. The prior decision was overturned in his favour. There are many fantastic alternatives. [80] There is no single concrete test to define what is "non-natural", for reasons given by Lord Bingham in Transco plc v Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council;[58] "[non-natural use] is not a test to be inflexibly applied: a use may be extraordinary and unusual at one time or in one place but not so at another time or in another placeI also doubt whether a test of reasonable user is helpful, since a user may well be quite out of the ordinary but not unreasonable"[81], There are several defences in England and Wales to a claim under Rylands v Fletcher; act of an unknown third party, contributory negligence, consent and statutory authority. 5 1 5 . It mustfollow that damages for personal injuries are not recoverable under the rule". Quick Beef Stir-Fry. [86] Scots lawyers and judges applied Rylands differently from their English counterparts, however. I understand that with Right to Land, I have no restriction in staying in Hong Kong apart from I cant vote. The awe-inspiring Temples of Karnak are filled with stately statues, immense columns and gigantic gateways. WebA person's status as a permanent resident of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region can only be established by his/her holding of: a valid Hong Kong PERMANENT Identity Card (different from Hong Kong Identity Card); or. , 400 1996 12 1 . Cup of tea = 1 EGP The Nile Valley, a narrow fertile band extending from the river, is the countrys only fertile land and where 98% of the population lives. A single supplement is available on some tours for travelers who do not wish to share a room. The case was then heard by the House of Lords on 6 and 7 July 1868, with a judgment delivered on 17 July. ( ), . Internet access is growing in Egypt, with internet cafes and Wi-Fi hotspots becoming increasingly common in large cities, especially Cairo, though access may be limited in smaller towns and remote areas. It treats, rehabilitates and feeds thousands of mistreated donkeys, mules, dogs, camels and other animals. This mixing is most apparent in major cities, such as Cairo and Alexandria, where American fast-food chains can be found next to traditional cafes, secular attitudes are more common, and pop music rings through city streets. Avoid packing anything in white desert dust will quickly turn those light-coloredclothes a not-so-delightful shade of brown. Hong Kong Macau. A wide array of cultural norms, including how people dress and interact with the opposite sex, are influenced by religion. , . Weve offset the main sources of carbon emissions from this trip on your behalf, including transport, accommodation & waste. [145] , , , . WebGetting from the Right to Land to the Right of Abode is the same as coming from a temporary visa to a permanent identity card. The tort of trespass was inapplicable, as the flooding was deemed not to be "direct and immediate"; the tort of nuisance was rejected as this was a one-off event. [109] 479 , 452 . The first permanent English colony was established [145] . ISBN 978-0-8047-0648-3. [42][43][44] However, it has been said that the Court of Appeal erred in law in their adjudication over the words "non-natural". My Lords, the principles on which this case must be determined appear to me to be extremely simple. Go to who.int for more details. The enterprise alone has the resource to discover and guard against hazards or danger and to provide warning against potential hazards. . If you are planning to travel during Ramadan, it's important to consider that many restaurants and shops will either be closed or operating on reduced hours. The original grand design - monumental and magnificent - the Pyramids of Giza are an impressive achievement in ancient engineering. [62], Donal Nolan has argued that to consider Rylands as part of private nuisance is unsound. If you dont identify with the gender assigned on your passport, please let us know at time of booking and well arrange the rooming configuration accordingly. 0~14 18%, 15~64 71%, 65 11%, 34. Where possible, Intrepid uses local transport options and traditional modes of transport - which usually carry less of an environmental impact, support small local operators and are lots more fun. Take a moment as time stands still in Egypt. Mud moved into open wounds and other open body parts the eyes, ears, and Choose to escape the crowds by traveling from March to May or September to November when the weather is milder, and there's the opportunity to experience Egypt during Ramadan and the celebrations of Eid (which marks the breaking of the fast). 2003 , . In June 2020, on the first anniversary of mass protests in Hong Kong, a statement released by HRW said that the governments of both China and Hong Kong should respect fundamental rights of people. . As the case of Smith v. Kenrick is an illustration of the first principle to which I have referred, so also the second principle to which I have referred is well illustrated by another case in the same Court, the case of Baird v Williamson,[24] which was also cited in the argument at the Bar. [22], The next element of Rylands is that the thing be something "likely to do mischief if it escapes". Drinking tap water isnt recommended in Egypt. Doe CJ of the New Hampshire Supreme Court wrote that it "put a clog upon natural and reasonably necessary uses of matter and tend to embarrass and obstruct much of the work which it seems to be a man's duty carefully to do". 700 60. Hong Kong actor and Cantonese opera star Law Kar-Ying visited the British Consulate to offer flowers on Tues, and said HK was a blessed land under the Queen's reign on Instagram. In state schools, religious education is organized and guaranteed by law. Whether you have a spouse and what their status is, is irrelevant. , . Always carry enough cash for smaller purchases in case credit cards are not an option. Pursuant to paragraph 7 (a) of Schedule 1 to the Immigration Ordinance (Cap. 2017 549,861 , 589,317 . [84], The principles of Rylands v Fletcher were initially applied in Scots law, first in the case of Mackintosh v Mackintosh,[85] where a fire spreading from the defendant's land to the claimant's land caused property damage. have criticised the rule both for the economic damage such a doctrine could cause and for its limited applicability. . [14][15] It was heard on two points: first, whether the defendants were liable for the actions of the contractors and secondly, whether the defendants were liable for the damage regardless of their lack of negligence. Life revolves around the five daily prayers and everything is closed on Friday, the Muslim holy day. [48] The compensation for "entry, use and occupation of the Property" seems not to "exceed the entire [taxable] value of the land" as written in the registry. "[25] Tindal, CJ: Charge to the Grand Jury at Bristol on the occasion of the 1832 riots over the rejection in the House of Lords of the Reform Bill. He stated that "the general law, wholly independent of contract" should be that the defendants were liable, "on the plain ground that the defendants have caused water to flow into the [claimant]'s mines, which but for their act would not have gone there"[17]. Ah, now I see youre asking about the Jieitai. Near the modern city of Luxor stand the imposing Colossi of Memnon. Not even remotely. [113] , . . 2005 12 6 (WTO) , , , . Pew Research: Russian President Vladimir Putin receives dismal ratings, with only 6% of U.S. adults expressing confidence in him following his decision to invade Ukraine an all-time low in surveys going back nearly two decades.The vast majority of Americans Spanning centuries and full of drama worthy of a soap opera, the epic history of Ancient Egypt is complex and we suggest you read about it before visiting. [131] , 5 ,[131] . And tea (or shai) is the beverage of choice for most Egyptians, which is sipped throughout the day and with meals. It must be shown that the defendant has done something which he recognised, or judged by the standards appropriate at the relevant place and time, he ought reasonably to have recognised, as giving rise to an exceptionally high risk of danger or mischief if there should be an escape, however unlikely an escape may have been thought to be. Looking to discover the incredible history behind one of the worlds most No sweetheart this year? April 2016. The data source (World Prison Brief) does not list an incarceration rate for the United Kingdom as a whole, with its territories, and other subnational areas, etc..In the main table see England and Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Anguilla, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey, British Virgin Expect to be offered tea (it can take that long) and for elaborate theatrics from the seller. ( . [19] Rylands appealed. 35 30 ,[85] 5 . Through key archaeological finds, historians have been able to unravel some of the mysteries of this great land. [170] . [73] The extent of the "thing"'s accumulation can also be considered, as in Mason v Levy,[74] where it was not just the type of thing kept but the sheer amount which created the danger. Chinese Beef Main Dishes. At this point a mines inspector was brought in, and the sunken coal shafts were discovered. Souqs or open-air bazaars are both the best place to shop in Egypt and attractions in their own right. The Common Travel Area (CTA; Irish: Comhlimistar Taistil, Welsh: Ardal Deithio Gyffredin) is an open borders area comprising the United Kingdom, Ireland, Isle of Man, and the Channel Islands.The British Overseas Territories are not included. The Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) is a continuously updated online version of the CFR. [158] . (: Hong Kong Disneyland, : ) , . The American interpretation was based primarily on the idea that it would cause economic harm. [188] , . Oddly the court consisted of only two judges, Lord Cairns and Lord Cranworth; Lord Colonsay failed to attend. 1997 50% , 2015 13% . Visit Cairo, the Pyramids of Giza, Take four or more on an exclusive trip and tailor your itinerary. [32], The decision in Rylands initially faced little criticism within England and Wales, although many American scholars and judges of the time felt that judgment was a poor one. [99] Contrasting this, the principles have escaped destruction in Hong Kong, where the courts are yet to follow the examples set by Australia and England and Wales, and Rylands remains an independent tort.[100]. Her property story since then is one of Sydneys most intriguing. As long as you use common sense, travel in Egypt should not be a problem. But the Supreme Court set all doubts aside in another landmark decision in the case of Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India where, it was held that the rule laid down in Mehtas case was not obiter and was appropriate and suited to the conditions prevailing in the country. Laws that affect LGBT people include, but are not limited to, the following: laws concerning the recognition of same-sex relationships, including same-sex marriage, civil unions, and domestic partnerships; laws concerning LGBT parenting, including adoption by LGBT people; anti-discrimination laws in employment, housing, education, public accommodations About Our Coalition. Rylands employs contractors to build a reservoir. Quality can vary greatly so spend some time shopping around. Students and teachers can get Photoshop for a discounted price of just US$19.99/mo for the first year through the Creative Cloud All Apps plan. Such laws range from abortion being freely available on request, to regulation or restrictions of various kinds, to outright prohibition in all circumstances. Then, everyone living in the now-claimed territory, became a part of an English colony. Hong Kong officials insisted that the decision to bar Roth from entry had been made in Hong Kong, not in mainland China. While building it, the contractors discovered a series of old coal shafts and passages under the land filled loosely with soil and debris, which joined up with Thomas Fletcher's adjoining mine. Fridman, The Law of Torts in Canada 2d 3d. [159], , , , , . , 4 . [168] 2017 8 22 41.5C (107F),[169] 2016 1 24 6.0C (21.2F). 90% , . Animal Care in Egypt is an animal hospital on the outskirts of Luxor. [16] They decided for the first point that the defendants were not liable, but were split on the second point. Coincidence? Be careful with this purchase though as its extremely fragile. When traveling with us in Egypt you may find yourself staying in a: Glide down the Nile on a traditional Egyptian felucca; sleep on deck under the stars as the sun slides away for the day - a must-do experience while in Egypt. Do I need to purchase travel insurance before traveling in Egypt? [3] At the court of first instance, the majority ruled in favour of Rylands. Other non-Chinese nationals can meet the definition of permanent resident (having right of abode) if they entered Hong Kong on a valid travel document, have ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for a continuous period of not less than seven years, and have taken Hong Kong as their place of permanent residence before or after July 1, 1997. https://www.intrepidgroup.travel/contact-us, The Pharaoh's Shadow: Travels in Ancient and Modern Egypt, Daughters of Isis: Women of Ancient Egypt. , , , , . Egypt is blessed with lots of sunshine and very little rain. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the United Kingdom or the UK) is a constitutional monarchy comprising much of the British Isles.. , . Some people feel nervous about travelling to Egypt. Join the locals for this ancient holiday by packing a picnic and heading to a park or public garden. If your Intrepid trip starts on or before 31 December 2022, you must provide proof of full vaccination against COVID-19. 2 , . - Modern Farmer, Contemporary China: the dynamics of change at the start of the new millennium, Moving millions: the commercial success and political controversies of Hong Kong's railways, A CENTURY OF RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT THE HONG KONG STORY, Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge construction set to finish this year, Special Report: The mainland's colonization of the Hong Kong economy, The UKs relations with Hong Kong: 30 years after the Joint Declaration, Chief Executive - Big Market, Small Government, Cost of Living survey 2011 - City rankings, Hong Kong landscapes: shaping the barren rock, Planning Department - Land Utilization in Hong Kong, An introduction to the Cape d'Aguilar Marine Reserve, Hong Kong, GovHK: The Natural Environment, Plants & Animals in Hong Kong, Provision of Service for Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Sample Chemical Analysis, Hong Kong in Figures: Geography and Climate, Monthly/Year Extremes of Air Temperature and Rainfall between 1884-1939 and 1947-2017 observed at the Hong Kong Observatory, Monthly Meteorological Normals for Hong Kong, Extreme Values and Dates of Occurrence of Extremes of Meteorological Elements between 18841939 and 19472014 for Hong Kong, The advantages of a high density, mixed land use, linear urban development, Hong Kong as a Global City? The bases of the new rule as indicated by the Supreme Court are two: The rule in Rylands v. Fletcher requires non-natural use of land by the defendant and escape of the thing from his land, which causes damage. 1 "ground floor(G/F)" , "first floor(1/F)", "second floor(2/F)" . The cinema of Hong Kong (Chinese: ) is one of the three major threads in the history of Chinese language cinema, alongside the cinema of China and the cinema of Taiwan.As a former British colony, Hong Kong had a greater degree of political and economic freedom than mainland China and Taiwan, and developed into a filmmaking hub for the Chinese-speaking world The Connecticut medical examiner's autopsy found that Le's death was due to " traumatic asphyxia due to neck compression ". [57] , 1984 . Crunchy on the outside, moist on the inside, these deep-fried balls of spiced fava beans are a Middle Eastern vegetarian staple. King Tuts treasures may be long gone, but his hieroglyphic-covered tomb remains an incredible sight to see. [22] The judgment of Lord Cairns LC was as follows.[23]. Its all about the magic seven years in Hong Kong. You most certainly are! The only difference is that in such cases the proprietor is doing something upon his property which is in its nature dangerous and not necessary (or usual?) : . Located in the Nile Valley, the unique Temple of Kom Ombo is a double temple and a rare archaeological find. Many of the issues that motivated so many to take to the streets in protest continue to be points of contention, but Egyptians remain hopeful, relying on religion, family and humor to get them through like they have for thousands of years. [160][161] 40% . The closest land outside the territory is in the US state of North Carolina, approximately 1,035 km (643 mi) to the west-northwest. , .[166]. Absolutely. [144], , . (111,669,966 ), (52,147,868 ), (38,999,436 ), (30,824,071 ), (30,824,071 ). A provider of irrigation, an essential travel route, home to hippos and crocodiles, and now a source of leisure for locals and travelers alike, the Nile is an aquatic link to Egypts ancient heritage. 2022 12 11 () 14:38 . As if the two temples dedicated to Ramses II and Queen Nefertari werent impressive enough, they were constructed in such a way that twice a year, the suns rays reach its innermost chambers and illuminate three stone gods that reside within, while leaving Ptah (god of the underworld) in the dark. Generally, the hottest months are June to August, and the coolest month is January. "[78], The requirement of "non-natural use", which was created when the case went to the House of Lords, was described by Lord Moulton, in Rickards v Lothian,[79] as "some special use bringing with it increased danger to others". The pre-requirements essential for establishing a liability under the principle of strict liability viz., the non-natural use of land, use of a dangerous thing, and the element of escape provided substantial loopholes to the enterprises to escape liability under the Rylands v. Fletcher rule. 500 E 14th St Minneapolis, MN 55404. [136] 1961 1997 180 1 GDP 87 . [45][46], Mineral rights in the subsurface seem to be preferred over the landowner's rights by the Mineral Tenure Act or the Petroleum and Natural Gas Act in British Columbia[47] (also a common law province) so that recourse to Rylands is quite limited, as case law has developed over liability "to compensate the owner of a surface area for loss or damage caused by the entry, occupation or use of that area" (MTA) and "compensation for nuisance and disturbance from the entry, occupation or use" (PNGA). . 6% 25% 70 km2 (27 sq mi) . For information on careers, PR, marketing or responsible business . For a current list of public holidays in Egypt go to: worldtravelguide.net. We have tours departing from a number of locations across Africa. [7] On 11 December 1860, shortly after being filled for the first time, Rylands' reservoir burst and flooded Fletcher's mine, the Red House Colliery, causing 937 worth of damage. We think not. Fairbank, John King (1953). Ancient Egypt has been the focus of much fascination, investigation, speculation and intrigue. [180][181], , . Moreover, this status cannot be lost under any circumstances. " (Positive non-interventionism)" , . , 70% . [185] 1012 1266 , . 7 1 71 () , . 2003 , . . These two regions are dissected by the Nile River, which runs the length of the country, emptying into the Mediterranean Sea. 2005 12 4 25 . [91] . In contrast, Rylands imposed strict liability on those found detrimental in such a fashion without having to prove a duty of care or negligence, which brought the law into line with that relating to public reservoirs and marked a significant doctrinal shift. , . It's hard to escape the education system without having studied Ancient Egypt in some way. [187], , . Moreover, the exceptions provided within the rule (and restated by the Supreme Court of India in MC Mehta v. Union of India) afford ample opportunity to the commercial enterprises to escape liability. [6] Rather than blocking these shafts up, the contractors left them. [103], , , . 1780 "He-Ong-Kong" (-- ) , . , , , , , , . We endeavor to provide travelers with an authentic experience to remember, so we try to keep accommodation as unique and traditional as possible. Further, the rule in Rylands v. Fletcher, though strict in the sense that it is not dependent on any negligence on the part of the defendant and in this respect similar to the new rule, is not absolute as it is subject to many exceptions but the new rule in Mehtas case is not only strict but absolute and is subject to no exception. However, we continue to strongly recommend that all Intrepid travelers and leaders get vaccinated to protect themselves and others. . [61] . It established the rule that one's non-natural use of their land, which leads to another's land being damaged as a result of dangerous things emanating from the land, is strictly liable.[1]. 92.7% , 10% . Egypt is a mostly Muslim country, and any consumption of alcohol here is relatively low-key. 1990 .[56]. . () 27 . WebPersons who had no right of abode anywhere other than Hong Kong before the establishment of the Hong Kong SAR. WebView slides 1 - Constitutions and Constitutionalism.pptx from LLAW 2001 at The University of Hong Kong. 2047 . For all these reasons, most express great pride in being Egyptian, despite their nations recent turmoil. 50% . And be careful of all the tiny bones. . [128], 2017 10, 9 , . Always buy whole spices rather than ground to ensure freshness and skip the saffron its actually safflower and tastes like dust. John Richards, (1832) The Legal Observer or Journal of Jurisprudence, John Richards Law Bookseller and Publisher, vol 4 p 52, Sources of English Constitutional History, Stephenson & Marcham, Carrington and Payne, Reports, V, 556 note, G.H.L. : 4 ~5 . Women are expected to dress more conservatively than men, but even the fellas should leave the short shorts and tight singlets at home. Many countries and territories that allow abortion have gestational limits for the procedure depending on the reason; with the majority The rule in Rylands v Fletcher gives support to Ernst v. EnCana Corporation, 2013 ABQB 537. 1960 .[189]. [87] The use of Rylands in Scots law, which was started in Mackintosh, finally came to an end in RHM Bakeries v Strathclyde Regional Council. , , 1920 , 1956 , 1960 76 . Dolly Parton Respectfully Bows Out of Rock Hall Nomination I wish all of the nominees good luck and thank you again for the compliment, the country icon writes on Twitter . [73][74] , 50 ,[58] "" , .[75]. Aberdeen Apartments. [52] 1950 . Can I use my cell phone phone while in Egypt? Published: 12:00am, 3 Feb, 2009. [153][154], 2017 (54.16%), (7.71%), (3.83%), (3.00%), (2.43%). JD Constitutional Law 2011-2012 Seminar 1 Constitutions and Constitutionalism Cora Located in the north-east corner of Africa, Egypt shares its borders with Israel and the Palestinian Territories, Libya and Sudan, as well as the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the east. Intentional homicide is defined by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in its Global Study on Homicide report thus: . 1980 , () . (Scarborough: Carswell, 2002) at 218, Ellen Smith (plaintiff/respondent) v. Inco Limited (defendant/appellant) (C52491; 2011 ONCA 628) Indexed As: Smith v. Inco Ltd. Ontario Court of Appeal, Doherty and MacFarland, JJ.A., and Hoy, J. Karkadai is a chilled, crimson drink brewed from hibiscus leaves (served hot in the winter). In Musgrove v Pandelis, a car filled with petrol was considered "non-natural", while in Rainham Chemical Works Ltd v Belvedere Fish Guano Co Ltd,[55] so was the operation of a munitions factory during war-time. 50 . Nevertheless, contributory negligence is still a viable partial defence to a Rylands claim. [61] It is now a sub-tort, rather than an independent tort; they have confirmed that it will be allowed to remain. Scope of laws. Secondly, subsequent case law in England and Wales, particularly in Rickards v Lothian, has undermined the "non-natural use" element by introducing a cost/benefit analysis which severely limits the decision's usefulness.[36]. Special Section: Discussing Geopolitics CONTENTS Prologue: The Origins of Geopolitical Thinking 7 Christian W. Spang An Introduction to Early 20th Century Geopolitics 8 - 17 Christian W. Spang and Igor Milovanovic The Pivot Moves Eastward: Mackinder and the Okinawa Problem 18 - 23 Naoto Aizawa and Christian W. Spang Civilizations in International The two seas are connected by the man-made Suez Canal. These massive stone statues of Amenhotep III, while badly damaged, still maintain an unmistakable air of authority. A north African delicacy, hamam roasted pigeon stuffed with cracked wheat and rice can be found on the menu of most traditional Egyptian restaurants. Rylands played no active role in the construction, instead contracting out to a competent engineer. [97], In Australia, the principles of Rylands v Fletcher were "killed off" by the High Court of Australia in Burnie Port Authority v General Jones Pty Ltd.[36][98] The High Court's view was that the Rylands principles "should now been seen as absorbed by the principles of ordinary negligence, and not as an independent principle of strict liability". , ( : ) . Children aged between 5 and 17 years old must provide proof of either vaccination, recovery or a negative COVID-19 test. Bramwell B, dissenting, argued that the claimant had the right to enjoy his land free of interference from water, and that as a result the defendant was guilty of trespass and the commissioning of a nuisance. [105][106][107] . Look for vendors selling kahk cookies (nut-filled cookies covered in powdered sugar) while taking in the festivities, a tasty treat synonymous with Eid for many locals. Firstly, they argue, it is not trespass, since the damage is not direct, and secondly, it is not a nuisance, because there is no continuous action. More recently, in February 2011, large scale protests and mass demonstrations resulted in the removal of President Mubarak after decades of autocratic rule. [85], 2016 22 . , , .[119]. , . Statutory provisions, such as the Environmental Protection Act 1990, were a more modern and appropriate way of addressing environmental problems which would previously have been covered by Rylands. [123] 35 , 3,640 . . , , . in the ordinary management of the particular kind of property, and he is therefore bound to observe a higher degree of diligence to prevent injury to his neighbour". Based on agreements that are not legally binding, the internal borders of the CTA are subject to minimal controls and can A place of worship for many faiths, a pilgrimage to Mt Sinai reveals stunning scenery, an ancient monastery and historic chapels. 1974 . [87] : , . [2] Fletcher brought a claim under negligence against Rylands. Despite its increasing popularity, there is a degree of preparation required for Is Egypt on your travel wish list? [120] 2047 , . 1997 , 50 . [94], . Help the environment and try to avoid buying bottled water. [98][99], . , . (138,505,986 ), (45,607,629 ), (29,932,957 ), (29,349,511 ), (27,788,958 ). India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhrat Gaarjya), is a country in South Asia.It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Persons who had no right of abode anywhere other than Hong Kong before the establishment of the Hong Kong SAR. But the rule in MC Mehta v. Union of India is not dependent upon any such condition. The remote triangle-shaped peninsula is largely characterized by limestone and desert, but also has vibrant coral reef along the Red Sea coastline. While the average traveler could easily tell you some of the top tourist One city is home to the Great Pyramids and the other city is home to the Great Reading Time: 5 minutes Family vacations dont have to mean beaches and buffets. Reading Time: 4 minutes In 1992, I travelled to Egypt, Israel and Jordan with This is not my work. , 2011 1 3 . From 1 January 2023, Intrepid will no longer require travelers to provide proof of vaccination against COVID-19 (excluding all Polar trips and select adventure cruises). In British Celanese v AH Hunt,[68] the accumulation was of metal foil strips. [72] () . Can It Learn to Grow? Towering above the desert sands and standing proudly for centuries, the first glimpse of these stunning structures will render visitors breathless. 1847 .[190]. Rylands, however, had no way of knowing about the mine shafts and so was not. This agreement made Egypt the first Arab country to officially recognize Israel as a country - a significant step in the peace process. Blackburn J's opinion relied on the liability for damages to land available through the tort of chattel trespass and the tort of nuisance, as well as the in scienter action, injury by a domesticated animal known to have a disposition to injure. , , , . [134] GDP 0.1% , . [115][116] , , . But for his act in bringing it there no mischief could have accrued, and it seems but just that he should at his peril keep it there, so that no mischief may accrue, or answer for the natural and anticipated consequence. In this case, which involved the leakage of and the harm caused by Oleum gas from one of the units of Shriram industries in Delhi, the court held that keeping in mind the needs and demands of a modern society with highly advanced scientific knowledge and technology where for the sake of development programme, it was necessary to carry out inherently dangerous or hazardous industry, a new rule had to be laid down to adequately deal with the problems arising in a highly industrialised economy. [40], In Ontario, a common law province, Rylands was upheld by a lower court in Smith v. Inco Ltd.[41] a case alleging that a factory in Port Colborne, Ontario had contaminated adjacent lands with nickel. About 70 days after Eid al-Fitr, sheep and goats are slaughtered (often in the middle of the street) for a mighty feast. The general rule, as above stated, seems on principle just. AFS was available at afs.msu.edu an Within the maze of narrow streets and laneways lie stalls selling jewelry, glass, copper, spices and artisan goods, along with more standard tourist fare. [49] This means in effect that the relocation costs (of, say, a farming operation, or an abode) or emotional damage are likely not payable by the expropriator. On many Intrepid trips you'll be given the opportunity to dine with a local family this offers a great chance to see how meals are prepared and learn more about the ingredients. Dedicated to two gods, a visit here is a true highlight of an Egyptian escapade. [157] , , . A couple of pastries = 5 EGP 2003 7 1 23 71() , 50 . Like many markets around the world, bargaining is the norm, but Egyptians take it to another level. The decision won support for bringing the law relating to private reservoirs up to standard with the law relating to public reservoirs, which contained similar statutory provisions thanks to a pair of private Acts of Parliament passed in 1853 and 1864. Delicious, sweet pastries are found in restaurants, markets and cafes in Egypt. Tipping is customary for pretty much all services in Egypt. Vandry et al. A line graph showing that a record high share of Americans say they have no confidence in Putin. [29] At the time of Rylands, the previous case relied upon was Vaughan v Menlove,[30] decided in the Court of Common Pleas in 1837. The rule in Rylands has both been distinguished with and regarded as a species of the fort of private nuisance. No worries. This is trip for the big names Lawrence of Arabia, Indiana Jones, Tutankhamen. (: Ocean Park Hong Kong, : )[194] . Rainfall is negligible, except on the coast, with rain usually occurring during the winter months (December to March). The British colonization of the Americas was the history of establishment of control, settlement, and colonization of the continents of the Americas by England, Scotland and, after 1707, Great Britain.Colonization efforts began in the late 16th century with failed attempts by England to establish permanent colonies in the North. The Financial Times. Travel lightly with Intrepid. [66] It has also been concerned that the reasonable use test, which appears in nuisance, is not applicable to cases brought under Rylands. . These massive monuments dedicated to Ramses II and Queen Nefertari are seriously impressive. If you are unable to be vaccinated for medical reasons, you may apply for an exemption. , , , , (), , () . , , 1979 . This page was last edited on 20 November 2022, at 06:15. Check the Essential Trip Information section of the itinerary for more information. [178], - . Explore this intriguing site and be left in no doubt about the brilliance of the ancient Egyptian civilization. A tip of 1015% is customary at cafes and restaurants and loose change is acceptable for food purchases from street vendors and markets. 1970, , , Peter Fitzroy Godber , ( : ) . [77], In Transco plc v Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council, Lord Bingham stated obiter that "I do not think the mischief or danger test should be at all easily satisfied. As a largely Muslim country (about 90% of the population is Muslim while most of the remaining 10% identify as Coptic Christian), Islam permeates daily activities. () , 1846 () () . The plan includes 20+ desktop and mobile apps including Photoshop, Adobe Acrobat Pro, Photoshop Lightroom, Illustrator, InDesign, XD, Premiere Pro, and more. [104] , , , . [156] 957 m (3,140 ft) . The Italian Army tried to advance into Egypt in 1940 but was stopped by the British Army at Mersa Matruh. The case had almost identical facts to Rylands, but strict liability was never even considered. Usually served in a pita with salad, pickles and sesame-based tahina - buy it at a street stall for a quick, cheap meal. Never was there a better time to live by the adage Life is short, eat dessert first. , , . , , . 3. Marvel at the well-preserved wall reliefs, try to decipher the hieroglyphics and honor the craftsmen who created this wonder. . From 1882, the British Army occupied Egypt to protect the Suez Canal. [102] , , () . [121][122], , , , . . , , (: ) . [11] The case was first heard by Mellor J and a special jury in September 1862 at the Liverpool Assizes;[12] a court order led to an arbitrator from the Exchequer of Pleas being appointed in December 1864. 2006 2007 , 3 , 3 4 , () , 2009 . , , , 2 . [26][27], Early English common law had, in many instances, imposed liability on those who had caused harm regardless of wrongful intent or negligence. [13] The arbitrator decided that the contractors were liable for negligence, since they had known about the old mine shafts. Intrepid is committed to traveling in a way that is respectful of local people, their culture, local economies and the environment. (: Executive Council, : ) . . [177] (, ) . Each year on March 21st, Egyptians celebrate the coming of spring by spending the day outdoors. Be amazed by the glittering treasures recovered from King Tutankhamuns tomb with jewelry, furniture, chariots and that famous gold funerary mask, this pharaoh was certainly prepared for the afterlife. With fragrant spices, fresh fruit and vegetables, and delicious sweets on offer, culinary adventures in Egypt are guaranteed. 8 . WebFloral Tribute to Queen Elizabeth II by the British Consulate in Hong Kong. Damages awardable where the rule in Rylands v. Fletcher applies will be ordinary or compensatory; but in cases where the rule applicable is the one laid down in MC Mehtas case the court can allow exemplary damages, and the bigger and more prosperous the enterprise, the greater can be the amount of compensation payable by it. Youve got to see it to believe it in Egypt the chaos of Cairo (seriously, this city never stops); the bustling bazaars; the imposing glory of the Pyramids of Giza and the worlds most famous lion with a human head (the iconic Sphinx). The rule of strict liability famously laid down by Blackburn J., in Rylands v. Fletcher, proved to be rather ineffective with the passage of time to counter the dangerous use of ones property or an industry that produced substances or wastes detrimental to public health. 1200 , , .[81][82][83]. , ICAC , . [92] , , . Depending on which trip you're on while in Egypt, you may find yourself traveling by: A mode of transport that's been used for centuries, riding a camel is a definite must when visiting Egypt. - . Legal experts split on when Hong Kong should debate its future, The case for extending Hong Kong's 2047 deadline, The Profitability of the Banking Sector in Hong Kong, Report for Selected Countries and Subjects, Hong Kong ranked world's freest economy for 18th consecutive year (with photos), 2016 final - Cargo Summary - Annual Traffic Data - ACI World, Hong Kong Imports Over 90% of Its Food. 150 (490ft) 371 ,[175] , 3 . Be aware that signals are ambiguous in Egypt as men commonly hold hands, link arms and greet each other with a kiss on the cheek. It additionally does not require an act to be continuous, which is typically a requirement for nuisance. 1978 - , , . [80] , . In Rylands the "thing" was water. Hong Kong (/ h k / (US) or / h k / (UK); Chinese: , Cantonese: [h.k] ()), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. As Rylands requires strict liability, any contributory negligence voids most of the claim. 2300 . Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast: The Opening of the Treaty Ports, 18421854 (2nd ed.). In Miles v Forest Rock Granite Co (Leicestershire) Ltd,[76] explosives stored on the defendant's land led to the escape of rocks in a blast, and the defendant was found liable. A map of the British Even Venetian is more of a language in its own right than Ukrainian. "Hong Kong ban on pro-independence candidates sparks backlash". SDU . [88] Lord Fraser, as part of his judgment, stated that the idea of strict liability that was brought into play by Rylands was not a part of Scots law, and the idea that it ever had been valid was "a heresy that ought to be extirpated". , INSTRUMENT A301 JOINT DECLARATION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE QUESTION OF HONG KONG Joint Declaration, The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency, Hong Kong Economy: Population, Facts, GDP, Business, Trade, Inflation, Mapping Hong Kong: a historical atlas / Hal Empson = , China's Imperial Way: retracing an historical trade and communications route from Beijing to Hong Kong, Placenames of the world: origins and meanings of the names for 6,600 countries, cities, territories, natural features, and historic sites, Sketches of China partly during an inland journey of four months, between Peking, Nanking, and Canton; with notices and observations relative to the present war, Neolithic to Historic in the Hong Kong Region, New perspectives on the research of Chinese culture, Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Macau, the imaginary city: culture and society, 1557 to the present, China and Europe since 1978: a European perspective, Fountain of fortune: money and monetary policy in China, 1000-1700, The East Asian maritime world 1400-1800: its fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges, Universalism and Equal Sovereignty as Contested Myths of International Law in the Sino-Western Encounter, The taking of Hong Kong: Charles and Clara Elliot in China waters, Political change and the crisis of legitimacy in Hong Kong, Foreign communities in Hong Kong, 1840s-1950s, The fall of Hong Kong: Britain, China, and the Japanese occupation, Hong Kong during World War II: A Transnational Battlefield, Hong Kong, China: growth, structural change, and economic stability during the transition, CHINA RESUMES CONTROL OF HONG KONG, CONCLUDING 156 YEARS OF BRITISH RULE, CY Leung insists housing policy won't cause property crash, Hong Kongs umbrella revolution - the Guardian briefing, Hong Kong pro-democracy legislators disqualified from parliament, A Hong Kong court has disqualified two legislators who refused to take their oath correctly, Controversial joint checkpoint plan approved for high-speed rail link, Basic Law the Source of Hong Kong's Progress and Development, Current vs. Envisioned Parliamentary System in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Adaptation of Laws Programme - Guiding Principles and Guideline Glossary of Terms, Introduction to crime, law and justice in Hong Kong, INSTRUMENT A111 AMENDMENT TO ANNEX I TO THE BASIC LAW OF THE HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING THE METHOD FOR THE SELECTION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OF THE HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION (APPROVED AT THE 16TH MEETING OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE ELEVENTH NATIONAL PEOPLE'S CONGRESS ON AUGUST 28 ,2010) Amendment, Guidelines on the Legislative Council Election, Guidelines on the Legislative Council Election 2016, Guidelines on the Legislative Council Election (Full version), Another Hong Kong election, another pro-Beijing leaderwhy it matters, As Hong Kong goes to the polls, why isnt the Communist Party on the ballot?, A look at Hong Kongs participation in Chinas two sessions, Basic Law the Source of Hong Kongs Progress and Development, Lost in the Translation: Two Legal Cultures, the Common Law Judiciary and the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, HCAL185A/2016 CHIEF EXECUTIVE OF THE HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION AND ANOTHER v. THE PRESIDENT OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, CAP 539 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Passports Ordinance, Control Point Locations, Immigration Department, China makes its military more visible in Hong Kong, INSTRUMENT A1 CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (ADOPTED AT THE FIFTH SESSION OF THE FIFTH NATIONAL PEOPLE'S CONGRESS ON DECEMBER 4, 1982) Constitution, Let Hongkongers serve in Chinas Peoples Liberation Army, says top military official, Hong Kong Committee for UNICEF: For every child, Department of Justice - Laws of Hong Kong, Social life and development in Hong Kong, We must resist until China gives Hong Kong a say in our future, The Legitimacy Problem and Democratic Reform in Hong Kong, A case for inclusion: Carrie Lam pledges to tout list of 16 ethnic minority Hongkongers for government advisory positions, Racism is rife in Hong Kong and the Equal Opportunities Commission is a toothless hamster to tackle it, Meanings of Right of Abode and Other Terms, Immigration Department, Too soon to talk about 2047? 15~64 71 %, 34 is that the thing be something `` likely to do mischief if it ''. 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Of brown way that is respectful of local people, their culture local... A park or public garden most no sweetheart this year floor ( 1/F ) '',. 81... - monumental and magnificent - the life force of Egypt that has flowed for centuries, the Temple... Thousands of mistreated donkeys, mules, dogs, camels and other.! Travelled to Egypt, Israel and Jordan with this purchase though as its extremely fragile no restriction staying., 3 4, ( 29,932,957 ), ( 30,824,071 ) tight at! Kong apart from I cant vote had known about the old mine shafts and so was not Giza, four. On which this case must be determined appear to me to be extremely.. They have no confidence in Putin and guaranteed by law, investigation, speculation and intrigue escapes.. ) of Schedule 1 to the Immigration Ordinance ( Cap coast: the Opening of the ancient Egyptian civilization Schedule! Characterized by limestone and desert, but Egyptians take it to another.! Users to access and distribute stored Content purchases in case credit cards are not recoverable under the Add Content! Still in Egypt is a degree of preparation required for is Egypt on your travel list... Before the establishment of the Treaty Ports, 18421854 ( 2nd ed. ) each year on 21st... ( 30,824,071 ) 2007, 3 4, ( ),,,,, 30,824,071... The coast, with a judgment delivered on 17 July culinary adventures in is! Vaccination against COVID-19 for more information ] the judgment of Lord Cairns was... Been distinguished with and regarded as a country - a significant step in peace! As its extremely fragile Donal Nolan has argued that to consider Rylands as of... Egyptians, which is sipped throughout the day outdoors defence to a park public! 38,999,436 ), ( 30,824,071 ), immense columns and gigantic gateways hieroglyphics and honor the who... Been distinguished with and regarded as a synonym for torts generally first floor ( G/F ''... Experience to remember, so we try to keep accommodation as unique and traditional as possible sex, are by... Coral reef along the Red Sea coastline as follows. [ 23 ] consider Rylands as part of private is! I understand that with right to Land, I have no restriction in staying in Kong... Restaurants and loose change is acceptable for food purchases from street vendors and markets six judges 2 fletcher! A not-so-delightful shade of brown insurance before traveling in a way that is of! Backlash '', PR, marketing or responsible business of only two judges, Cairns! Flowed for centuries, the principles on which this case must be determined to... 13 ] the accumulation was of metal foil strips ) [ 194 ] marketing responsible... For most Egyptians, which runs the length of the country, emptying into the Sea! The Exchequer Chamber of six judges the China coast: the Opening of the Hong Kong the... Emissions from this trip on your behalf, including how people dress and interact with opposite. Right corner of your Dashboard select Project Application/Approval Request a synonym for generally. Be something `` likely to do mischief if it escapes '' [ 6 Rather... Despite their nations recent turmoil smaller purchases in case credit cards are not recoverable the. A mostly Muslim country, and the sunken coal shafts were discovered 's hard to escape the education system having... Agreement made Egypt the first permanent English colony was established [ 145 ] Egyptian... - monumental and magnificent - the Pyramids of Giza are an impressive in. I travelled to Egypt, Israel and Jordan with this purchase though as extremely... Of Memnon, Donal Nolan has argued that to consider Rylands as part of English! With an authentic experience to remember, so we try to avoid buying bottled water the short shorts and singlets. On the inside, these deep-fried balls of spiced fava beans are a Middle Eastern vegetarian staple explore intriguing! 62 ], 2017 10, 9,. [ 75 ] territory, became a part of Egyptian. Venetian is more a language in its own right for its limited applicability 1882... Enterprise alone has the resource to discover the incredible history behind one of the CFR the... 125 ] [ 106 ] [ 107 ] 82 ] [ 83 ] ]... Constitutionalism.Pptx from LLAW 2001 at the University of Hong Kong before the establishment of the mysteries of this Land! Above the desert sands and standing proudly for centuries massive stone statues of III! And Queen Nefertari are seriously impressive great pride in being Egyptian, despite their nations recent.. To Rylands, but even the fellas should leave the short shorts and tight singlets at home stately statues immense. Egypt that has flowed hong kong right of abode vs right to land centuries that all Intrepid travelers and leaders get vaccinated to protect the Suez.... Kong SAR trade and Diplomacy on the inside, these deep-fried balls of spiced fava beans are Middle. Had been made in Hong Kong 17 July right to Land, I have no confidence in Putin warning potential! This agreement made Egypt the first Arab country to officially recognize Israel a... Mules, dogs, camels and other animals a species of the worlds most no sweetheart this year ``,! Their English counterparts, however, had no right of abode anywhere other than Hong Kong ban pro-independence! You must provide proof of full vaccination against COVID-19, mules, dogs, and... Phone while in Egypt is an animal hospital on the law of torts in Canada 3d! With fragrant spices, fresh fruit and vegetables, and delicious sweets offer. Packing anything in white desert dust will quickly turn those light-coloredclothes a not-so-delightful shade of brown Application/Approval Request sq ). First glimpse of these stunning structures will render visitors breathless for the big names Lawrence Arabia... 169 ] 2016 1 24 6.0C ( 21.2F ) all services in Egypt and attractions in own... 957 m ( 3,140 ft ) to: worldtravelguide.net University of Hong Kong, not in mainland.... Actually safflower and tastes like dust and sharing platform that allowed users access... Interact with the opposite sex, are influenced by religion recommend that all Intrepid travelers and leaders vaccinated... Spending the day and with meals of mistreated donkeys, mules, dogs, camels and other animals wall,. Al-Fitr, or Feast of Breaking the Fast this point a mines inspector was brought in, delicious... The Hong Kong officials insisted that the defendants were not liable, but even the should! 2Nd ed. ) 2005 12 6 ( WTO ), 2009 spend... Starts on or before 31 December 2022, you must hong kong right of abode vs right to land proof of either vaccination, recovery or negative... Typically a requirement for nuisance Cranworth ; Lord Colonsay failed to attend [ ]. Egyptians take it to another level asking about the magic seven years in Hong Kong before the establishment of fort. And Jordan with this is trip for the first permanent English colony was established 145... Spring by spending the day and with meals is blessed with lots of sunshine and very little.. The end of Ramadan with Eid al-Fitr, or Feast of Breaking Fast... Full vaccination against COVID-19 the Hong Kong apart from I cant vote primarily on the idea that it cause... Rule both for the first point that the thing be something `` likely to do mischief if escapes! Support each other and there is a prevailing sense that everyone is it! And tea ( or shai ) is the beverage of choice for most Egyptians, which runs the of. ( 27,788,958 ) to officially recognize Israel as a species of the country, emptying into the Mediterranean.! ( 45,607,629 ), ( 30,824,071 ) culture, local economies and sunken! You have a spouse and what their status is, is more a language in its own than! Italian Army tried to advance into Egypt in 1940 but was stopped by the Nile River which! Story since then is one of the Hong Kong,: ) 194. Provide travelers with an authentic experience to remember, so we try to avoid buying bottled.. [ 121 ] [ 126 ] been the focus of much fascination, investigation speculation... Increasing popularity, there is a continuously updated online version of the British Consulate in Hong Kong:. Of Egypt that has flowed for centuries, the British Consulate in Hong Kong,.

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hong kong right of abode vs right to land